Commerce Welcome to the Commerce keypoint page. Use the titles below to browse around. Search for: What is Commerce? SCOPE OF COMMERCE IMPORTANCE/FUNCTIONS OF COMMERCE FACTORS THAT MILITATED AGAINST THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCE IN WEST AFRICA FACTORS THAT LED TO THE GROWTH OF COMMERCE DEFINITION OF OCCUPATION CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPATION: FACTORS THAT DETERMINES PEOPLE’S CHOICE OF OCCUPATION DEFINITION OF PRODUCTION TYPES OF PRODUCTION IN COMMERCE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION IN COMMERCE DEFINITION OF DIVISION OF LABOUR AND SPECIALIZATION Advantages of Division of Labour Disadvantages of Division of labour Limitations/Factors that encourage or discourage division of labour TRADE: WHOLESALE AND RETAIL Functions of the wholesalers REASONS WHY MANUFACTURERS SELL THROUGH THE WHOLESALERS TYPES OF WHOLESALERS DEFINITION OF RETAILER Functions of the retailers FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED WHEN STARTING RETAIL BUSINESS FACTORS THAT MAY TRUNCATE SOME RETAIL SHOPS TYPES OF SMALL SCALE RETAIL TRADE HAWKING STREET RETAILING MARKET PLACE RETAILING SMALL STORES MOBILE SHOPS REASONS WHY THERE ARE MANY SMALL SCALE RETAIL TRADE IN WEST AFRICA REASONS FOR THE CONTINUOUS EXISTENCE OF SMALL SCALE TRADE Advantages of Small Scale Retail Trade Disadvantages of Small Scale Retail Trade TYPES OF LARGE SCALE RETAIL TRADE SUPERMARKETS FEATURES OF SUPERMARKETS FEATURES OF DEPARTMENTAL STORES FEATURES OF MAIL ORDER BUSINESS TYPES OF MAIL ORDER BUSINESS Advantages of Mail Order Business Disadvantages of Mail Order Business ARGUMENTS AGAINST MIDDLEMEN IN COMMERCE PROBLEMS OF DISTRIBUTION IN NIGERIA ROLES OF GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION IN NIGERIA CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING A PARTICULAR CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION MODERN TRENDS IN RETAILING SELF SERVICE IN COMMERCE Features of self-service: Advantages of self-service Disadvantages of Self-service Automatic Vending Retailing Discount Houses After-Sales Service WAYS BRANDING AFFECT THE CONSUMER Advantages of Branding Disadvantages of Branding Pre-Packaging WAREHOUSING TYPES OF WAREHOUSES USEFULNESS OF WAREHOUSES PROBLEMS OF WAREHOUSING BUSINESS UNITS SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP Sources of Capital Advantages of Sole Trade Disadvantages of sole trade PARTNERSHIP TYPES OF PARTNERSHIP SOURCES OF CAPITAL Advantages of Partnership Disadvantages of Partnership PUBLIC CORPORATION FEATURES OF PUBLIC CORPORATION REASONS FOR GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHING PUBLIC CORPORATION REASONS AGAINST GOVERNMENT ESTABLISHING PUBLIC CORPORATION SOURCES OF CAPITAL FOR PUBLIC CORPORATION Advantages of Public Corporation Advantages of Public Corporation CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY Types of Co-operatives PRINCIPLES OF CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES’ Advantages of Co-operatives DisAdvantages of Co-operatives ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY TYPES OF LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY COMPARISON OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC COMPANY FORMATION OF LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY Advantages of Limited Liability Company DisAdvantages of Limited Liability Company TYPES OF SHARES INTERNATIONAL TRADE TYPES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE REASONS FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE BARRIERS TO INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADVANTAGES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE Disadvantages of International Trade TERMS OF TRADE FAVOURABLE TERMS OF TRADE UNFAVOURABLE TERMS OF TRADE BALANCE OF TRADE Visible Imports and Exports BALANCE OF PAYMENT FAVOURABLE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS UNFAVOURABLE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS CAUSES OF UNFAVOURABLE BALANCE OF PAYMENT WAYS OF CORRECTING DEFICIT/UNFAVOURABLE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS FREE TRADE AND RESTRICTION RESTRICTIVE TRADE MEASURES Advantages/Reasons for Restriction of international Trade Disadvantages of Restriction of International Trade DEFINITION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE Foreign Exchange Reserve Differences between Internal and External trade THE LAW OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE DEFINITION OF EXPORT DRIVE SOME MEASURES GOVERNMENT CAN TAKE TO CARRY OUT EXPORT DRIVE DEFINITION OF DEVALUATION Effects of Devaluation DOCUMENTS INVOLVED IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE Export/import License Export Invoice Certificate of Origin Bill of Lading Insurance Certificate Consular invoice Ship’s Manifest Mate’s Receipt MEANS OF PAYMENTS IN FOREIGN TRADE DEFINITION OF MONEY HISTORICAL ORIGIN OF MONEY DRAWBACKS / DIFFICULTIES OF BARTER SYSTEM. QUALITIES OF MONEY FUNCTIONS OF MONEY TYPES OF MONEY USEFULNESS OF MONEY SUPPLY OF MONEY DEMAND FOR MONEY MOTIVES FOR HOLDING MONEY VALUE OF MONEY QUANTITY THEORY OF MONEY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS CENTRAL BANK COMMERCIAL BANKS TYPES OF BANK ACCOUNTS BANK LENDING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT BANKS OTHER FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS DEFINITION OF INSURANCE Indemnity Insurance Interest Utmost Good Faith Insurance Policy Insurance Underwriter Insurance Broker Premium Proposal form Cover Note Surrender value TYPES OF INSURANCE INSURANCE RISKS THAT CANNOT BE INSURED INSURANCE COMPANIES AND THEIR IMPORTANCE To ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STOCK EXCHANGE MARKET TRANSPORTATION DEFINITION IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT MEANS OF TRANSPORT ROAD TRANSPORT (Advantages) Disadvantages of Road Transport WATER TRANSPORT (Advantages) Disadvantages of Water Transport RAIL TRANSPORT (Advantages) Disadvantages of Rail Transport AIR TRANSPORT (Advantages) Disadvantages of Air Transport PIPELINE TRANSPORT (Advantages) Disadvantages of Pipeline Transport FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING A PARTICULAR MEANS OF TRANSPORT COMMUNICATION DEFINITION FORMS OF COMMUNICATION TRADITIONAL MEANS OF COMMUNICATION MODERN MEANS OF COMMUNICATION IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION TO COMMERCE FUNCTIONS OF NIGERIAN POSTAL SERVICE (NIPOST) FUNCTIONS OF TELECOMMUNICATION (NITEL) COURIER SERVICES DOCUMENTS USED BETWEEN BUYERS AND SELLERS PROCEDURE FOR BUYING AND SELLING TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH TRADE TRADE AND CASH DISCOUNT CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING CONCEPT OF MARKETING MARKET SEGMENTATION PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION MARKETING BOARD ADVERTISING DEFINITION TYPES OF ADVERTISING MEANS OF ADVERTISING Advantages of Advertising Disadvantages of Advertising INDIGENIZATION DEFINITION OBJECTIVES/IMPORTANCE OF INDIGENIZATION PROBLEMS OF INDIGENIZATION NATIONALIZATION DEFINITION REASONS WHY GOVERNMENT NATIONALIZE INDUSTRIES INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS MANAGEMENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT CLASSES OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF BUSINESS PUBLIC RELATIONS DEFINITIONS IMPORTANCE | FUNCTIONS OF A P.R.O. MEDIA THROUGH WHICH PUBLIC RELATIONS IS PROMOTED CONSUMER SERVICES PERSONAL SELLING IMPORTANCE OF PERSONAL SELLING BILLS OF EXCHANGE ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF A BILL OF EXCHANGE PARTIES TO A BILL OF EXCHANGE TYPES OF BILLS OF EXCHANGE WHY A CHEQUE IS A BILL OF EXCHANGE ADVANTAGES OF A BILL OF EXCHANGE PROMISSORY NOTE PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF PROMISSORY NOTE BUSINESS LAW PROVISIONS OF THE SALE OF GOODS ACT (1983) PROVISIONS OF FOOD AND DRUG ACT HIRE PURCHASE ADVANTAGES OF HIRE PURCHASE TO A SELLER ADVANTAGES OF HIRE PURCHASE TO A BUYER PROVISIONS OF HIRE PURCHASE ACT (1975) LAW OF CONTRACT PARTIES TO A CONTRACT TYPES OF CONTRACT ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF A VALID CONTRACT HOW TO DISCHARGE A CONTRACT HOW CONTRACTS ARE TERMINATED AGENCY DUTIES OF AN AGENT DUTIES OF THE PRINCIPAL CONDITIONS FOR TERMINATION OF AGENCY TYPES OF AGENTS EXAMPLES OF AGENTS THE EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT Duties of an employer Duties of employee GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF BUSINESS REASONS WHY GOVERNMENT REGULATE BUSINESSES CUSTOM AND EXCISE AUTHORITY DUTIES COLLECTED BY CUSTOM AND EXCISE AUTHORITY FUNCTIONS OF THE CUSTOM AND EXCISE AUTHORITY PORTS AUTHORITY FUNCTIONS OF PORTS AUTHORITY PROBLEMS OF PORTS AUTHORITY NIGERIAN AIRPORTS AUTHORITY (N.A.A.) CONSUMER PROTECTION Organizational structure FUNCTIONS/ADVANTAGES OF A GOOD ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY REASONS FOR DELEGATING AUTHORITY ADVANTAGES OF DELEGATING AUTHORITY DISADVANTAGES OF DELEGATING AUTHORITY Span of control BUSINESS FUNCTIONS Trade Association AIMS/OBJECTIVES OF TRADE ASSOCIATIONS FUNCTIONS OF TRADE ASSOCIATION INDUSTRIAL INTEGRATION TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL INTEGRATION REASONS/ADVANTAGES OF INDUSTRIAL INTEGRATION DISADVANTAGES OF INDUSTRIAL INTEGRATION FORMS OF INDUSTRIAL INTEGRATION CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE AIMS/FUNCTIONS OF CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE ECONOMIC GROUPINGS IN WEST AFRICA ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF WEST AFRICAN STATES (ECOWAS) NIGER BASIN COMMISSION (N.B.C.) LAKE CHAD BASIN COMMISSION (LC.B.C.) CREDIT TYPES OF CREDIT ADVANTAGES OF CREDIT TO THE RETAILER AND WHOLESALER CHEQUE DEFINITION TYPES OF CHEQUE Crossed cheque Open cheque Certified cheque Stale cheque Dishonoured cheque A Post-dated cheque Order cheque Bearer cheque PARTIES TO A CHEQUE REASONS FOR DISHONOURING A CHEQUE FUNCTIONS OF A CHEQUE OVERDRAFTS LOANS FACTORS CONSIDERED BY BANK MANAGERS BEFORE LOANS ARE GRANTED
