Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the search-in-place domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /usr/www/users/mywaecf/KEYPOINT/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6121

Warning: session_start(): Cannot start session when headers already sent in /usr/www/users/mywaecf/KEYPOINT/wp-content/plugins/secure-copy-content-protection/public/class-secure-copy-content-protection-public.php on line 1000

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /usr/www/users/mywaecf/KEYPOINT/wp-includes/functions.php:6121) in /usr/www/users/mywaecf/KEYPOINT/wp-content/plugins/docket-cache/includes/src/Plugin.php on line 1186

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /usr/www/users/mywaecf/KEYPOINT/wp-includes/functions.php:6121) in /usr/www/users/mywaecf/KEYPOINT/wp-content/plugins/docket-cache/includes/src/Tweaks.php on line 453
FORMS OF INDUSTRIAL INTEGRATION — Commerce Keypoint

FORMS OF INDUSTRIAL INTEGRATION

Cartel

Is a combination of independent traders or manufacturers who come together for the motive of regulating and controlling output, marketing and regulating the prices of their goods. OPEC is a good example of a cartel.

Trust

Is the integration of a number of competing firms into one unit of control.

Price Rings

This is an association of competing firms producing similar products that come together and agree to fix a uniform price for their products services. E.g. taxi drivers.

A Consortium

Is the coming together of group of firms for the purpose of executing a large and complex project which one firm cannot execute. This form of integration is not permanent. The firms disengage immediately the project is completed.

Holding Companies:

Is a company that has controlling interest in another company known as its subsidiary and as such holds greater portion of shares in that company.

Syndicate

Is an association of producers of similar products to form a central agency.

Amalgamation

Is the integration or merger of two or more firms to form one consolidated firm. Types of amalgamation are Vertical, Lateral and Horizontal integration.

Leave a Comment

not allowed!