1. Most areas within the lower Nile Basin have little or no rainfall.
2. Presence of fertile alluvial soils.
3. The growing demand of agricultural raw materials.
4. The presence of large population growth rate in the region.
Areas of Irrigation are Egypt, along the Nile banks, the Nile Delta and Sudan along the Gezira plains etc.
Major crops are food crops like Maize, rice, vegetables and millet. Industrial Crops like Sugar Cane, Cotton and Wheat etc.